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Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) vs Union of India — Challenge to immunity for Election Commissioners

The Supreme Court is hearing consolidated petitions, including those from ADR and RJD MP Manoj Kumar Jha, that challenge the constitutionality of Section 16 of the Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners Act, 2023. Petitioners contend that granting lifelong legal immunity to the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners constitutes a fraud on the Constitution. As of 16 October 2026, the Court has questioned the precedent for such post-retirement protection while the matter remains pending.

In re: Regulation of all forms of 'talaq' under Muslim personal law

The Supreme Court of India has issued notice to the Union government and other relevant parties seeking their response to a Public Interest Litigation (PIL). The petition requests the framing and implementation of uniform procedural safeguards and guidelines governing all forms of divorce under Muslim personal law.

Delhi Union of Journalists vs Union of India and Others — Petition regarding police conduct against journalists

The Delhi Union of Journalists has filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court of India alleging police violence against independent reporters during Delhi protests. During proceedings on 15 October 2026, the Court granted interim protection to a woman journalist, discussed the challenges in defining journalists versus content creators, and considered forming a women-led committee to investigate sexual violence allegations. The matter is pending, with the next hearing scheduled for 3 November 2026.

In re: Protest by INDIA bloc leaders at Supreme Court premises

The Supreme Court is hearing petitions regarding a 12 October 2026 protest by INDIA bloc leaders, including Rahul Gandhi and Akhilesh Yadav, within court premises. As of 15 October 2026, the court has issued notices to these leaders regarding requests for contempt proceedings and restrictions on future political demonstrations. Additionally, the Union Home Secretary submitted an affidavit on 15 October 2026 defending the government's decision to suspend internet services during the protest.

Democratic Medical Association vs Union of India — NEET-PG 2026 transparency petition

The Democratic Medical Association has filed a petition in the Supreme Court seeking the disclosure of question papers, answer keys, and response sheets for the NEET-PG 2026 examination to ensure transparency. On 15 October 2026, a bench of Justices P.S. Narasimha and Alok Aradhe issued notices to the Union government and the National Medical Commission, ordering the case to be tagged with other pending petitions.

CBI vs Dheeraj Wadhawan — DHFL loan fraud case

The Supreme Court cancelled the bail of DHFL promoter Dheeraj Wadhawan on 5 August 2025, rejecting his medical grounds for release in connection with the ₹42,000 crore loan fraud case. Subsequently, the Enforcement Directorate froze ₹51.75 crore in proceeds of crime as reported on 17 September 2026. On 15 October 2026, the CBI arrested an IRS officer and an SFIO inspector for allegedly soliciting bribes to influence the ongoing investigation.

State vs Mahua Moitra — Hate speech case

TMC MP Mahua Moitra is facing a hate speech case in West Bengal regarding comments made at a news conference in Nadia. The Calcutta High Court ordered the case transferred to an MP/MLA court on 08 September 2026 and extended her interim protection from coercive action until 29 January 2027 as of 02 October 2026. Separately, the Supreme Court directed the West Bengal government on 15 October 2026 to ensure the MP can visit her constituency without security hurdles.

In re: INDIA bloc petition challenging electronic voting machines

Opposition leaders from the INDIA bloc filed a petition in the Supreme Court challenging the Election Commission of India's Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls and requesting an independent audit of voter deletions. After the petitioners rectified 14 procedural defects, the Supreme Court issued a notice to the Election Commission on 15 October 2026. The court also tagged an interlocutory petition filed by MP John Brittas to the matter on 15 October 2026.

Directorate of Enforcement vs Sanjay Sureka — Money laundering case

Sanjay Sureka is accused of involvement in a money laundering case linked to a fraudulent scheme of approximately ₹6,210 crore involving shell companies. The Supreme Court granted him bail on 14 October 2026 citing the prolonged duration of the trial. Additionally, the Supreme Court held on 15 October 2026 that the Enforcement Directorate's delay in forwarding an arrest order to the Adjudicating Authority does not automatically vitiate an arrest under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act.

In re: Sringeri assembly election 2023 counting records

The Supreme Court of India is hearing a dispute over the 2023 Sringeri assembly election, which was decided by a margin of 201 votes. As reported on 15 October 2026, the Court continues to express dissatisfaction with the Election Commission of India for failing to produce video recordings of the vote counting process, warning that it may draw adverse inferences if the records are not submitted.

National Investigation Agency vs Dawood Ibrahim and others — Terror Funding Case

The National Investigation Agency has filed a chargesheet against Dawood Ibrahim, Chhota Shakeel, and others for alleged terror funding and unlawful activities. The Supreme Court issued a notice to the agency on 24 September 2026 regarding the bail plea of accused Shabbir Abubakar Shaikh, who had been in custody for over four years. Additionally, a Special NIA court declared accused Mushtaq Ahmed Mir a proclaimed offender on 15 October 2026.

State of Chhattisgarh vs Chintamani Patel

The Supreme Court of India is examining an appeal against a Chhattisgarh High Court decision that reduced a murder conviction to culpable homicide not amounting to murder in a 2021 case. The Supreme Court has expressed critical observations regarding the High Court's application of Indian Penal Code provisions in this matter.

In re: Mandatory age verification at liquor outlets

A petition before the Supreme Court seeks mandatory age verification at liquor outlets and a ban on the sale of liquor in discreet packaging. On 14 October 2026, the Court expressed displeasure over the Union government's failure to appear in the matter and directed the Centre and states to file formal responses to the plea.

State vs Unnamed Accused — Assault and ear-biting case

The Supreme Court of India rejected an anticipatory bail plea filed by an individual accused of biting off another person's ear during an alleged assault. The accused's counsel contended that his client was also assaulted during the altercation.

Bihar Special Investigative Review case

The Supreme Court clarified on 12 October 2026 that it had neither approved nor rejected the revised Form-6 for voter registration in the Bihar Special Investigative Review case. Subsequently, Asaduddin Owaisi filed a review petition on 14 October 2026 challenging the 27 May 2026 verdict that had upheld the Election Commission's authority to conduct a Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls in Bihar.

Jagtar Singh Hawara vs. State of Punjab and others

Jagtar Singh Hawara, a convict in the assassination of former Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh, has filed a petition in the Punjab and Haryana High Court seeking parole to visit his ailing mother. Separately, he has moved the Supreme Court seeking a transfer from Tihar Jail to a prison in Punjab, with the court directing the Delhi government to consult the Intelligence Bureau regarding this request.

Habeas corpus petition against detention of political leaders

Senior Advocate Menaka Guruswamy challenged the detention of political leaders by Delhi Police during protests against the Chief Election Commissioner before the Supreme Court. While the Supreme Court issued notices to authorities on 11 October 2026 and ordered that future detentions strictly follow due process, the Madhya Pradesh High Court disposed of similar habeas corpus petitions on 13 October 2026 after detainees were returned to their families. Additional petitions regarding protest-related disturbances were scheduled for hearing as of 12 October 2026.

In re: Caste data verification in 2027 Census

A public interest litigation has been filed before the Supreme Court challenging the practice of self-declaration of caste status during the 2027 Census. The petitioners seek a transparent mechanism and a formal Standard Operating Procedure for the verification of caste information to ensure the accuracy of data used for public policy.

State of Gujarat vs Rahul Gandhi

Rahul Gandhi faces a criminal defamation case concerning his 2019 remarks regarding the Modi surname. As reported on 13 October 2026, the Supreme Court of India stayed all trial proceedings and issued a notice on his plea challenging the Bombay High Court's refusal to quash the case.

Purnesh Modi vs Rahul Gandhi — Criminal Defamation Case

Rahul Gandhi was convicted of criminal defamation by a Surat court for remarks regarding the Modi surname, resulting in a two-year sentence that the Supreme Court of India found excessive on 4 August 2023. As reported on 13 October 2026, the Supreme Court has stayed the ongoing trial proceedings in this criminal defamation case.