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In re: Reservation for religious converts

The Supreme Court dismissed the Tamil Nadu government's appeal on 15 October 2026, upholding a Madras High Court judgment that ruled individuals do not automatically attain backward class status or claim Muslim backward class reservation benefits upon converting to Islam. Following the dismissal, Chief Minister M.K. Stalin urged the state government on 15 October 2026 to explore further legal avenues to challenge the decision.

In re: Validity of gift deed executed after relinquishing property rights via court-recorded compromise

The Supreme Court of India ruled that an individual who has formally relinquished rights over ancestral property through a court-recorded family settlement is legally barred from subsequently gifting that same property to another person. The bench comprising Justice Sanjay Kumar and Justice Sanjeev Sachdeva set aside the previous orders of the Telangana High Court and the trial court that had upheld such a gift deed.

91 Jharkhand Armed Police (JAP) employees vs State of Jharkhand

On 14 October 2026, the Jharkhand High Court ruled in favor of 91 Class IV employees of the Jharkhand Armed Police, directing the state government to pay five years of salary arrears and applicable increments covering the period from 2016 to 2021. This judgment concludes the legal matter regarding the employees' pending remuneration.

In re: Encroachment of drains in Clement Town and Cantonment area

The Uttarakhand High Court ordered the District Magistrate of Dehradun to remove illegal encroachments over and around drains in the Clement Town and Cantonment area. Following a Public Interest Litigation hearing on 15 October 2026, the court mandated that authorities take formal action in accordance with the law within six months.

Christian Community Welfare Society vs State of Uttar Pradesh and others

The Allahabad High Court dismissed a petition filed by the Christian Community Welfare Society seeking the conversion of barren land in Ghaziabad into a cemetery. The court ruled that the right to freedom of religion does not include the right to claim a specific plot of land for the purpose of a cemetery.

The ABVM Society of the Catholic Apostolate (Pallottines) vs. A. Deiva Nayagam

The Madras High Court ruled that properties acquired by Catholic priests after taking religious vows belong to their religious society rather than their biological legal heirs. The court determined that such acquisitions form part of the religious order's assets and directed the legal heirs of a deceased priest to return deposits to the society.

G vs State of UP and 7 others

The Allahabad High Court ruled that a complainant's dissatisfaction with a police investigation or the omission of certain provisions under the SC/ST Act, 1989, does not constitute sufficient grounds to prosecute police officers for willful neglect under Section 4 of the Act. The Court further held that an administrative inquiry and recommendation are mandatory prerequisites before initiating penal proceedings against public servants under this section.

G.S. vs State of Uttar Pradesh and 2 others

The Allahabad High Court ruled that an individual alleged to be a paramour in a matrimonial maintenance case must be granted an opportunity to be heard before any adverse judicial determination is made against them regarding adultery. The court also clarified that while Section 14 of the Family Courts Act allows for the admission of electronic evidence, it does not automatically establish its authenticity or evidentiary value.

State of Bihar vs. Retired Government Servant — Pension Deduction Case

The Patna High Court ruled in favor of a retired government officer, holding that the state could not initiate departmental proceedings for alleged misconduct occurring more than four years prior to the officer's retirement. The court directed the state to refund the pension amount deducted from the officer with interest.

State of Gujarat vs Asaram Bapu

A Gandhinagar court convicted Asaram Bapu on 30 January 2023 for the rape and sodomy of a former devotee, while six co-accused were acquitted. Following the Gujarat High Court's rejection of his temporary bail plea on 21 September 2026, the Supreme Court permitted Asaram to withdraw his plea for interim bail on 14 October 2026, noting his existing parole in a separate Jodhpur matter.

Unnamed Appellant vs Unnamed Respondent — Matrimonial divorce appeal

The Chhattisgarh High Court granted a divorce to a husband, setting aside an earlier Family Court judgment. The court held that the wife's persistent conduct, including continuous litigation and other behaviors, amounted to mental cruelty, thereby justifying the dissolution of the marriage.

CBI vs Santosh Kumar and others — Bribery case

In August 2024, the CBI arrested Principal Commissioner of Income Tax Santosh Kumar and four private individuals, Gurpal Singh, Rajiv Kumar, Ashok Chaurasia, and Pranay, in connection with an alleged 10 lakh bribery case. On 14 October 2026, the Delhi High Court upheld the conviction of the accused. The court observed that the operation of touts in government offices is facilitated by the involvement and encouragement of officials.

State vs. Asaram — Prison caregiver engagement and parole suppression

The Supreme Court permitted Asaram to hire a trained caregiver for medical assistance while in prison on 06 August 2026. On 14 October 2026, the court allowed Asaram to withdraw his interim bail application in the Gujarat rape case and directed that his appeal against the Jodhpur conviction proceed after he surrenders following his parole.

In re: Compensation for 74-year-old accident victim

In the case of Ganga Devi v. Rajesh Kumar, the Delhi High Court delivered a judgment on 14 October 2026 regarding compensation for a 74-year-old accident victim. The court ruled that the notional income of elderly homemakers should be based on skilled-worker minimum wage and applied a multiplier of 5 for claimants over the age of 70 to account for their unpaid household and caregiving services.

Nurul Hoque vs Union of India

The Gauhati High Court dismissed a writ petition filed by Nurul Hoque challenging a Foreigners Tribunal order that declared him a foreigner who entered India after March 25, 1971. The court ruled that the petitioner failed to prove continuous residence in India, which is a mandatory condition for citizenship, and noted the use of forged or fabricated pleadings in the petition.

Breach Candy Hospital Trust vs Chief Commissioner of Income Tax

The Bombay High Court ruled that charging patients and generating a surplus does not disqualify a hospital from its philanthropic character for tax exemption purposes. The court set aside the Income Tax Department's orders rejecting the hospital's exemption applications for assessment years 2002-03 through 2021-22.

In re: COVID-19 ex-gratia compensation claims

The Patna High Court ruled that applications for ex-gratia compensation following COVID-19 deaths cannot be denied solely due to clerical errors in hospital records or the use of reports from unauthorized laboratories. The court emphasized that the state should not adopt a hyper-technical approach to denying welfare relief for human suffering.

Managers of neighboring schools vs Erattupetta Muslim Girls Higher Secondary School — Co-education dispute

The Kerala High Court set aside a single bench order that had permitted a girls' school in Erattupetta to admit male students. The division bench ordered a fresh review of the school's proposal to turn co-educational, while directing that the 28 boys already enrolled at the institution be allowed to continue their studies.

In re: Constitutionality of Section 147A of the Income Tax Act, 1961

The Andhra Pradesh High Court has declared Section 147A of the Income Tax Act, 1961, unconstitutional. The ruling provides relief to taxpayers by invalidating reassessment notices issued under this provision.

Mohammad Najmul Hawaldar vs The State of Jharkhand — Deportation of foreign nationals

On 13 October 2026, the Jharkhand High Court dismissed the criminal appeal of Bangladeshi national Mohammad Najmul Hawaldar against his conviction for illegal entry and residence in India. The Court ordered the Union, Jharkhand, and West Bengal governments to expedite the deportation of Hawaldar and two other foreign nationals, requiring a compliance report by 25 November 2026.