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Umesh Chand vs State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors

The Supreme Court set aside an Allahabad High Court order that had granted probation to two convicts in a 2003 attack case involving Section 308 of the Indian Penal Code. Justices J.B. Pardiwala and K. Vinod Chandran criticized the lower court for showing misplaced sympathy in such a serious matter. Following the decision on 13 October 2026, the Supreme Court directed the convicts to surrender as reported on 22 October 2026.

Sri Rajkumar Madki vs Dr. Shailendra Beldal

The Supreme Court ruled that a private individual can file a criminal complaint under Section 200 of the CrPC for offences punishable under Section 125-A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The court held that the bar under Section 195 of the CrPC, which typically requires a public servant to file a complaint for certain offences, does not apply to this specific provision.

State of Karnataka v Prathik Parasrampuria — Election black money case

In a judgment delivered on 18 August 2026, the Supreme Court established nationwide guidelines to curb the influence of black money in elections, following proceedings regarding the 2014 Bellary Lok Sabha bye-election. The Court mandated that the withdrawal of election-related cases requires High Court approval, imposed a one-year deadline for investigations, and directed the Election Commission of India and governments to submit compliance reports by 18 November 2026.

Supreme Court case — Quashing of FIR and chargesheet under IPC 406, 420, 109, 34

On 4 September 2026, the Supreme Court quashed an FIR and chargesheet against the accused involving sections 406, 420, 109, and 34 of the IPC. The Court held that a failure to return a refundable security deposit does not constitute criminal breach of trust or cheating without evidence of dishonest intent from the inception of the transaction.

Gunjan Girija Kumari and Others v. State of NCT of Delhi — Caste-based abuse and SC/ST Act

In an appeal by Gunjan Girija Kumari and others, the Supreme Court ruled on 11 May 2026 that casteist abuses uttered inside a private residential house, away from public view, do not constitute an offence under Sections 3(1)(r) and 3(1)(s) of the SC/ST Act. Following this determination, the Court quashed the criminal proceedings that had been previously dismissed by the Delhi High Court on 22 August 2024.

Union of India vs Joseph Shine — Adultery law in Armed Forces

The Supreme Court clarified that its previous judgment decriminalising adultery does not apply to personnel in the Armed Forces. The court addressed concerns regarding service discipline and stability within the military services.

Subramanian Swamy vs Union of India — Criminal Defamation

A batch of petitions challenged the constitutional validity of the criminal defamation provisions in the Indian Penal Code. The Supreme Court upheld the validity, ruling that the right to reputation is a protected facet of the Right to Life under Article 21.

Naz Foundation (India) Trust vs Suresh Kumar Koushal and Another

This case concerns the legality of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code regarding consensual same-sex relations. The Supreme Court decided to refer curative petitions seeking a re-examination of its 2013 verdict that had criminalized such activity to a five-judge bench.